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71.
72.
The maximum likelihood (ML) method for regression analyzes of censored data (below detection limit) for nonlinear models is presented. The proposed ML method has been translated into an equivalent least squares method (ML-LS). A two stage iterative algorithm is proposed to estimate statistical parameters from the derived least squares translation. The developed algorithm is applied to a nonlinear model for prediction of ambient air CO concentration in terms of concentrations of respirable particulate matter (RSPM) and NO2. It has been shown that if censored data are ignored or estimated through simplifications such as (i) censored data are equal to detection limit, (ii) censored data are half of the difference between detection limit and lower limit (e.g., zero or background level) or (iii) censored data are equal to lower limit, this can cause significant bias in estimated parameters. The developed ML-LS method provided better estimates of parameters than any of the simplifications in censored data. 相似文献
73.
Patnaik BB Roy A Agarwal S Bhattacharya S 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2010,31(4):413-416
Sprague Dawley strain of male rats weighing 200 +/- 10.0 g, were exposed intramuscularly to non-lethal dose of mercury for short acute duration of 24 and 48 hr. Mercury treatment increased thio-barbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and conjugated diene (CD) content with increase in duration when compared with control. This reflects possible increase in lipid peroxidation, revealing that sufficient intoxication was generated by non-lethal dose of mercury. Furthermore, mercury treatment decreased tissue glutathione (GSH) content to 2.07 and 1.49 microg GSH mg protein(-1) with concomitant decrease in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity by 26.06 and 36.40% after 24 and 48 hr of exposure respectively. The elevations of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels measured exhibited increase of 287.5 and 214.5% after 48 hr of exposure respectively which were found to be highly significant compared with control. Western blot analysis indicated upregulation of caspase-9 and upsurge in effect or caspase-3 activity leading to apoptosis. The concluded findings of the present investigation suggests possible role of early mercury exposure in inducing oxidative stress mediated apoptosis in mammalian model systems as an indicator component of environmental toxicology. 相似文献
74.
The chemo-thermal oxidation method at 375 °C (CTO-375) has been widely used to quantify black carbon (BC) in sediments. In the present study, CTO-375 was tested and adapted for application to soil, accounting for some matrix specific properties like high organic carbon (≤39%) and carbonate (≤37%) content. Average recoveries of standard reference material SRM-2975 ranged from 25 to 86% for nine representative Swiss and Indian samples, which is similar to literature data for sediments. The adapted method was applied to selected samples of the Swiss soil monitoring network (NABO). BC content exhibited different patterns in three soil profiles while contribution of BC to TOC was found maximum below the topsoil at all three sites, however at different depths (60-130 cm). Six different NABO sites exhibited largely constant BC concentrations over the last 25 years, with short-term (6 months) prevailing over long-term (5 years) temporal fluctuations. 相似文献
75.
76.
Visibility impairing aerosols in the urban atmosphere of Delhi 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Singh T Khillare PS Shridhar V Agarwal T 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,141(1-3):67-77
To study the visual air quality of Delhi, size fractionated aerosols – coarse and fine fractions of PM10 – were collected and analysed for and EC at three sites with different background activities. The analysed species constitute a smaller portion of coarse fraction
(39%) but a larger portion of fine fraction (69%). The sampling was performed from June 2003 to November 2003 which covers
monsoon and post monsoon seasons.Aerosol data was used to describe the spatial variation of Visibility Range as a function
of chemical composition of visibility impairing aerosols. During the study period, visibility was found to be poor varying
between 4.7 and 13 km with an average value of 9.4 km. It is observed that visibility impairment was more due to carbonaceous
aerosol followed by sulphate. 相似文献
77.
78.
L.S. Rawat R.K. Maikhuri Vikram S. Negi Abhay Bahuguna K.S. Rao Sunil K. Agarwal 《国际发展与全球生态学杂志》2013,20(5):423-430
Traditional Central Himalaya societies face a range of socio-economic and environmental problems. The potential of science and technology has not yet been adequately and appropriately harnessed to overcome the development constraints posed by the fragile Himalayan environment. Thus there is a need for large-scale establishment of technology resource centers. The Garhwal Unit of GB Pant Institute of Himalayan Environment and Development established rural technology demonstration and training centers in three different agroecological zones between 550 and 2200 m asl and in 13–15 locations, with suitable technologies based on appropriate use and management of locally available bio-resources that ensure people participation. About 35 on-site training courses were organised for about 2329 participants. The participants were given on-site demonstrations, training and technical know-how on various technologies, to enable farmers to better understand problems faced during implementation of new technologies for sustainable management of natural resources. An action research framework and training manuals were also developed in consideration of local socio-economic condition. The documentation and analysis of research (quantitative and qualitative) and data related to cost–benefit analysis of the technologies adopted by farmers generated through this study has created wider sharing of farmer training outputs, at farm level, amongst the scientific communities and with policy planners. 相似文献
79.
Shikha Raghuwanshi Tithi Agarwal Amit Yadav MGH Zaidi Yogesh Shouche Reeta Goel 《Chemistry and Ecology》2016,32(6):583-597
Bacterial strains with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) degradation potential were isolated from waste yard soil samples of selected industrial sites in Uttarakhand, India, and two microbial consortia were developed, i.e. Consortium I comprises Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb10, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb11 and Bacillus sp. strain Rb18, and Consortium II is composed of Lysinibacillus sp. strain Rb1, Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb13 and Pseudomonas sp. strain Rb19. The current study involved enrichment selection via liquid and semi-solid media, followed by isolation and screening of bacterial strains using PHB pellets and films. Furthermore, the identification and characterisation was done by triphasic approach. The utilisation of PHB by the characterised strains was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of solubilised PHB was found to be 2.5?mg/mL, which was detected through ‘clear zone assay’. Further, the selection and biocompatibility testing of potential isolates were performed for the formation of bacterial consortia. Thus, the present work would provide direct and standardised protocol for screening and selection of potential microbiomes for biodegradation of polymers by overcoming the negative effect of organic solvents. Moreover, indigenously developed consortia would be evaluated for their in situ biodegradation potential against various bioplastic films. 相似文献
80.
Malik Vivek Singh Singh Manvi Pradhan Pranita Singal Kusum Agarwal Amit Chauhan Anil Sra Harnoor Singh Meenu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(25):37556-37564
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Exposure to lead among children, as well as adults, is a major global health issue. With diverse routes of exposure (e.g., food, air, and water)... 相似文献